207 research outputs found
Evolution II - from the Main Sequence Through Core Helium Burning, M Equals 3M Sun Masses
Evolution of three solar mass star from main sequence to red gian
Stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis of Post-AGB Stars
I discuss recent new models of post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stellar
evolution. These models aim to clarify the evolutionary origin and status of a
variety of hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars such as central stars of planetary
nebulae of Wolf-Rayet spectral type, PG1159 stars or Sakurai's object. Starting
with AGB models with overshoot such stars can evolve through one of four
distinct channels. Each of these channels has typical abundance patterns
depending on the relative timing of the departure from the AGB and the
occurrence of the last thermal pulse. I discuss the responsible mechanisms and
observational counterparts.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, conference paper, workshop "Post-AGB objects
(proto-planetary nebulae) as a phase of stellar evolution", Jul 5-7, 2000,
Torun, Poland, to appear in Ap&S
Morphological Properties of PPNs: Mid-IR and HST Imaging Surveys
We will review our mid-infrared and HST imaging surveys of the circumstellar
dust shells of proto-planetary nebulae. While optical imaging indirectly probes
the dust distribution via dust-scattered starlight, mid-IR imaging directly
maps the distribution of warm dust grains. Both imaging surveys revealed
preferencially axisymmetric nature of PPN dust shells, suggesting that
axisymmetry in planetary nebulae sets in by the end of the asymptotic giant
branch phase, most likely by axisymmetric superwind mass loss. Moreover, both
surveys yielded two morphological classes which have one-to-one correspondence
between the two surveys, indicating that the optical depth of circumstellar
dust shells plays an equally important role as the inclination angle in
determining the morphology of the PPN shells.Comment: 6 pages + 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference,
"Post-AGB Objects (proto-planetary nebulae) as a Phase of Stellar Evolution",
Torun, Poland, July 5-7, 2000, eds. R. Szczerba, R. Tylenda, and S.K. Gorny.
Figures have been degraded to minimize the total file siz
The population of close double white dwarfs in the Galaxy
We present a new model for the Galactic population of close double white
dwarfs. The model accounts for the suggestion of the avoidance of a substantial
spiral-in during mass transfer between a giant and a main-sequence star of
comparable mass and for detailed cooling models. It agrees well with the
observations of the local sample of white dwarfs if the initial binary fraction
is close to 50% and an ad hoc assumption is made that white dwarfs with mass
less than about 0.3 solar mass cool faster than the models suggest. About 1000
white dwarfs brighter than V=15 have to be surveyed for detection of a pair
which has total mass greater than the Chandrasekhar mass and will merge within
10 Gyr.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Proc. ``The influence of binaries
on stellar population studies'', Brussels, August 2000 (Kluwer, D. Vanbeveren
ed.
High-resolution spectroscopy of the R Coronae Borealis and Other Hydrogen Deficient Stars
High-resolution spectroscopy is a very important tool for studying stellar
physics, perhaps, particularly so for such enigmatic objects like the R Coronae
Borealis and related Hydrogen deficient stars that produce carbon dust in
addition to their peculiar abundances.
Examples of how high-resolution spectroscopy is used in the study of these
stars to address the two major puzzles are presented: (i) How are such rare
H-deficient stars created? and (ii) How and where are the obscuring soot clouds
produced around the R Coronae Borealis stars?Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 201
Element Abundance Determination in Hot Evolved Stars
The hydrogen-deficiency in extremely hot post-AGB stars of spectral class
PG1159 is probably caused by a (very) late helium-shell flash or a AGB final
thermal pulse that consumes the hydrogen envelope, exposing the usually-hidden
intershell region. Thus, the photospheric element abundances of these stars
allow us to draw conclusions about details of nuclear burning and mixing
processes in the precursor AGB stars. We compare predicted element abundances
to those determined by quantitative spectral analyses performed with advanced
non-LTE model atmospheres. A good qualitative and quantitative agreement is
found for many species (He, C, N, O, Ne, F, Si, Ar) but discrepancies for
others (P, S, Fe) point at shortcomings in stellar evolution models for AGB
stars. Almost all of the chemical trace elements in these hot stars can only be
identified in the UV spectral range. The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
and the Hubble Space Telescope played a crucial role for this research.Comment: To appear in: Recent Advances in Spectroscopy: Theoretical,
Astrophysical, and Experimental Perspectives, Proceedings, Jan 28 - 31, 2009,
Kodaikanal, India (Springer
Various Modes of Helium Mixing in Globular Cluster Giants and Their Possible Effects on the Horizontal Branch Morphology
It has been known for a long time that some red giants in globular clusters
exhibit large star-to-star variations in the abundances of light elements that
are not exhibited by field giants. This fact can be taken as evidence that the
extra mixing mechanism(s) that operate in globular cluster giants may be
consequences of star-star interactions in the dense stellar environment. In
order to constrain the extra mixing mechanism(s), we study the influence of
helium enrichment along the red giant branch (RGB) on the evolution of stars
through the horizontal branch. Three possible modes of helium enrichment are
considered, associated with close encounters of stars in the globular clusters.
We show that as a consequence of the variations in the core mass as well as in
the total mass due to mass loss, the color of horizontal branch models are
distributed over almost all range of horizontal branch. The results are
discussed in relation to the scenario for the origin of the abundance anomalies
and for the effects on the morphology of horizontal branch. We argue that the
star-star interactions can explain not only the source of angular momentum of
rapid rotation but also provide a mechanism for the bimodal distribution of
rotation rates in some globular clusters. We also propose the time elapsed from
the latest core collapse phase during the gravo-thermal oscillations as the
second parameter to explain the variations in HB morphology among the globular
clusters.Comment: 57 pages, 16 figures, to be published on June 2006 in Ap
HE 0557-4840 - Ultra-Metal-Poor and Carbon-Rich
We report the discovery and high-resolution, high S/N, spectroscopic analysis
of the ultra-metal-poor red giant HE 0557-4840, which is the third most
heavy-element deficient star currently known. Its atmospheric parameters are
T_eff = 4900 K, log g = 2.2, and [Fe/H]= -4.75. This brings the number of stars
with [Fe/H] < -4.0 to three, and the discovery of HE 0557-4840 suggests that
the metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo does not have a
"gap" between [Fe/H] = -4.0, where several stars are known, and the two most
metal-poor stars, at [Fe/H] ~ -5.3. HE 0557-4840 is carbon rich - [C/Fe] = +1.6
- a property shared by all three objects with [Fe/H] < -4.0, suggesting that
the well-known increase of carbon relative to iron with decreasing [Fe/H]
reaches its logical conclusion - ubiquitous carbon richness - at lowest
abundance. We also present abundances (nine) and limits (nine) for a further 18
elements. For species having well-measured abundances or strong upper limits,
HE 0557-4840 is "normal" in comparison with the bulk of the stellar population
at [Fe/H] ~ -4.0 - with the possible exception of Co. We discuss the
implications of these results for chemical enrichment at the earliest times, in
the context of single ("mixing and fallback") and two-component enrichment
models. While neither offers a clear solution, the latter appears closer to the
mark. Further data are required to determine the oxygen abundance and improve
that of Co, and hence more strongly constrain the origin of this object.Comment: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 52 pages (41 text, 11 figures
On the helium content of Galactic globular clusters via the R parameter
We estimate the empirical R parameter in 26 Galactic Globular Clusters
covering a wide metallicity range, imaged by WFPC2 on board the HST. The
improved spatial resolution permits a large fraction of the evolved stars to be
measured and permits accurate assessment of radial populaton gradients and
completeness corrections. In order to evaluate both the He abundance and the He
to metal enrichment ratio, we construct a large set of evolutionary models by
adopting similar metallicities and different He contents. We find an absolute
He abundance which is lower than that estimated from spectroscopic measurements
in HII regions and from primordial nucleosynthesis models. This discrepancy
could be removed by adopting a C12O16 nuclear cross section about a factor of
two smaller than the canonical value, although also different assumptions for
mixing processes can introduce systematical effects. The trend in the R
parameter toward solar metallicity is consistent with an upper limit to the He
to metal enrichment ratio of the order of 2.5.Comment: accepted for pubblication on Ap
Synthetic post-Asymptotic Giant Branch evolution: basic models and applications to disk populations
We explore the realm of post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) stars from a
theoretical viewpoint, by constructing synthetic population of transition
objects, proto-Planetary Nebulae, Planetary Nebulae Nuclei, and post-Planetary
Nebulae objects. We use the Montecarlo procedure to filter out the populations
accordingly to a given set of assumptions. We explore the parameter space by
studying the effects of the Initial Mass Function (IMF), the Initial Mass-Final
Mass Relation (IMFMR), the transition time (t_tr), the envelope mass at the end
of the envelope ejection (Me_r), the planetary nebula lifetime t_PN, the
hydrogen- and helium-burning phases of the central stars. The results are
discussed on the basis of the HR diagram distributions, on the Mv-t plane, and
with mass histograms. We found that: (1) the dependence of the synthetic
populations on the assumed IMF and IMFMR is generally mild; (2) the Me_r
indetermination produces very high indeterminations on the t_tr and thus on the
resulting post-AGB populations; (3) the synthetic models give a test check for
the ratio of He- to H-burning PNNi. In this paper, disk post-AGB populations
are considered. Future applications will include Magellanic Clouds PNe, and
populations of bulges and elliptical galaxies.Comment: 2 tables, 27 figures (gif format) The Astrophysical Journal, accepte
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